Virginia ecotype
Duration: Perennial (evergreen)
Habit: Rosette-forming, clump-forming, sometimes slowly colony-forming
Size: 2 to 3 feet tall (foliage); flower stalks 5 to 8 feet tall; 2 to 3 feet wide
Flowering Time: June to July
Bloom Color: Creamy white, bell-shaped flowers
Habitat: Dry fields, sandy clearings, rocky slopes, dunes, and open woodlands
Moisture: Dry to average; drought-tolerant once established
Light: Full sun (tolerates very light part sun); will not flower in part shade
Soils: Sandy, rocky, or well-drained loams; tolerant of poor soils
Uses: Xeriscaping, specimen planting, pollinator gardens, erosion control on sandy or rocky soils, drought-tolerant borders
Yucca filamentosa (Common yucca)
Yucca filamentosa, known as Common Yucca or Adam’s Needle, is a striking evergreen perennial native to the southeastern United States. Its basal rosettes of stiff, sword-like leaves are edged with curly white threads (filaments), giving the plant both its scientific name.
In early to midsummer, mature plants send up tall, dramatic flower stalks bearing clusters of large, creamy white, bell-shaped blooms. Plants will grow in part sun and shade, but will not produce flowers. With its architectural form, evergreen presence, and tolerance of heat and drought, it is a standout in xeric sites or rocky gardens.
Yucca filamentosa has a fascinating specialized relationship with the Yucca moths, a native species which is both its exclusive pollinator and a larval host. The moth actively pollinates the flowers while laying eggs inside them; the larvae feed on some of the developing seeds, leaving enough to ensure the plant’s reproduction. Colonies of moths can be traced back to populations of yucca.
With its ability to thrive in harsh, dry sites, Yucca filamentosa is both an ecological specialist and a resilient ornamental that adds year-round interest to native plantings.